Clinician Report

Looks for missing or future dates, the same weigh-in recorded twice, pounds or a step size read wrongly, readers that disagree with each other, and values no scale could measure.

Everything checks out — dates are usable, nothing is duplicated between the phone relay, desktop bridge and this console, units agree and every value is physiologically possible.

No weigh-ins recorded yet. Step on the scale with the relay or this console connected and they will appear here.

The report is written on this device and is not uploaded anywhere. You decide how it reaches your clinician.

Exactly what the clinician receives

Measured mass and body resistance with where each came from, then every calculated value, the equations behind them with their published sources, the checks above, and the limitations of a consumer scale.

Composing…

Where each number comes from

The scale measures two things: your mass and your body's resistance to a small current. Everything else below is worked out from those, using published equations.

• Body mass index

  BMI = mass (kg) / height (m)²

  Quetelet index; WHO Technical Report Series 894 (2000).

  Reported for reference only; not used to derive any tissue mass when body resistance is present.

• Resistance index

  RI = height (cm)² / R (Ω)

  Standard BIA predictor; Kyle et al., Clin Nutr 2004;23(5):1226–1243 (ESPEN review).

  Single-frequency platforms report |Z| only; at 50 kHz reactance contributes under 3% of magnitude, so |Z| is used as R.

• Fat-free mass (impedance present)

  FFM = −4.104 + 0.518·RI + 0.231·mass + 4.229·sex(male=1)

  Kyle et al., Nutrition 2001;17(3):248–253; 5,225 adults aged 22–94, SEE ≈ 1.8 kg.

  Fat mass is then mass − FFM; fat percentage is fat mass / mass.

• Body fat (no impedance)

  Fat% = 1.2·BMI + 0.23·age − 10.8·sex(male=1) − 5.4

  Deurenberg et al., Br J Nutr 1991;65(2):105–114; 1,229 subjects, SEE ≈ 4% fat.

  Used only when the scale transmitted no body resistance; population-level accuracy, not individual.

• Total body water

  TBW = 0.396·RI + 0.143·mass + 8.399 (male); 0.382·RI + 0.105·mass + 8.315 (female)

  Kushner & Schoeller, Am J Clin Nutr 1986;44(3):417–424; deuterium-dilution reference.

  Bounded to 0.67–0.79 of fat-free mass, the hydration envelope of Wang et al. 1999 (reference 0.732).

• Skeletal muscle mass

  SMM = 0.401·RI + 3.825·sex(male=1) − 0.071·age + 5.102

  Janssen et al., J Appl Physiol 2000;89(2):465–471; MRI-validated, n = 388, R² = 0.86.

  Without impedance, muscle is instead apportioned from fat-free mass (≈54% male, ≈50% female; Wang 1999) and is flagged as an estimate.

• Bone mineral content

  BMC = 0.058 · FFM

  Wang et al., Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69(5):833–841; five-level body-composition model.

  A fixed fraction of fat-free mass, not a measurement; densitometry is required for bone status.

• Resting metabolic rate

  RMR = 370 + 21.6·FFM (impedance) · otherwise 10·mass + 6.25·height − 5·age + s

  Katch-McArdle (Exercise Physiology, 8th ed.); Mifflin–St Jeor, Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51(2):241–247.

  s = +5 male, −161 female in the Mifflin–St Jeor form.

• Trend slope and significance

  Theil–Sen median slope; Mann–Kendall τ with normal approximation

  Sen, J Am Stat Assoc 1968;63(324):1379–1389; Mann, Econometrica 1945;13(3):245–259.

  Rank-based and outlier-resistant: a single anomalous day cannot rotate the reported trend.

• Baseline corridor

  median ± 1.4826 · MAD over the trailing window

  Rousseeuw & Croux, J Am Stat Assoc 1993;88(424):1273–1283.

  1.4826 makes the MAD a consistent estimator of σ under normality.